West Africa, 900–1400 ce
7.4 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social struc tures of the sub-Saharan civilizations of Ghana and Mali in Medieval Africa.
Source: California History–Social Science Framework | Chapter 11
- Study the Niger River and the relationship of vegetation zones of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold, salt, food, and slaves; and the growth of the Ghana and Mali empires.
- Analyze the importance of family, labor specialization, and regional commerce in the development of states and cities in West Africa.
- Describe the role of the trans-Saharan caravan trade in the changing religious and cultural characteristics of West Africa and the influence of Islamic beliefs, ethics, and law.
- Trace the growth of the Arabic language in government, trade, and Islamic scholarship in West Africa.
- Describe the importance of written and oral traditions in the transmission of African history and culture.
Source: California History–Social Science Framework | Chapter 11
guiding questions
- How did the environment affect the development and expansion of the Ghana and Mali Empires and the trade networks that connected them to the rest of Afroeurasia?
- Why was Mali a site of encounter?
- What were the effects of the exchanges at Mali?
- How did Arab/North African and West African perspectives differ on West African kingdoms?
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